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Sunday, 30 November 2025

Reversion Theory / 27 September 2004

Reversion Theory

TANAKA Akio

In <Quantum Theory for Language> two major principles are worked.

One is <time principle>.The other is <reversion principle>.

From <time principle> two major rules are derived.

One is <connection rule>. The other is <separation rule>.

From <reversion principle> one rule is derived. It is <strength rule>.

In the theory language is divided into two categories.

One is <actual language>. The other is <imaginary language>.

<Actual language> and <imaginary language> are belong to <real language>.

<Real language> and <Mirror language> are opposed.

<Mirror language> of <actual language> is <imaginary language>.

<Mirror language>of <imaginary language> is also considered.

In <real language> <reversion principle> is always worked.

This principle guarantees the credibility of language.

In the theory language is constructed from the linear arrangement of plural number of <quantum of language>.

In the linear arrangement the first quantum is the weakest. The last quantum is the strongest. In this situation <strength rule> is worked.

The strongest quantum touches the real world.

The real world is the standstill point of the reversion of language.

The reversion of language is the main power of integration of sentence.

A quantum of language sends messages to the next quantum.

Messages succeed to the last quantum which gives the standstill of sending messages.

The standstill point of language is < real world>.

<Real world> is an axis of symmetry on <actual language> and <imaginary language>.

<Real world> is an axis of symmetry on <real world> and <mirror language>.

Messages of quanta are digital signals of electricity on the model simplified level of the quantum theory for language.

This model is abbreviated to <MSL> of the theory.

In the model two elements are worked.

One is <time element>. The other is <distance element>.

Both are abbreviated to <TE> and <DE>.

The succession of <time element>s and <distance element>s makes <word>s and <sentence>s.

This succession is subscribed by the linear digitized signals.

In the <MSL>, <TE> is classified by the longitude of time.

The minimum time is numbered by 1, the maximum time is numbered by 9.

In the number 1, subdivision is classified from 1 to 9.

If necessary, sub-subdivision is classified from 1 to 9.

In these working, all <TE> of quanta are digitally classified.

In the <MSL>, <DE> is classified by the length of distance.

Numbering is similar to the case of <TM>.

<TE> and <DE> are elements of language, especially <grammar> and <meaning>.

In <Quantum Theory for Language>, <meaning> is imminent in each quantum.

The typical example of the theory is Classical Chinese, especially character inscriptions on bone and tortoiseshell. In these inscriptions, <meaning> is expressed in unitary or composite figures.

The figures in each inscription are completed respectively.

Each figure is separated in writing and seeing.

The figure is a <signal>.

The inscription has a <message> which consists of signals.

A signal can be replaced with a number.

For example characters /ri/ /shang/, the sun rises in English are numbered by 1 and 2.

Characters /chuan//xia/, river flows in English are numbered by 3 and 4.

Figures are finite. Contracted numbers are also finite.

Each character has one or over one figures. So it has one or over one numbers.

This work is called <sequence of numbers on signals>.

<Sequence of numbers on signals> is regarded as <meaning> in our daily usage.

Tokyo September 27, 2004

Sekinan Research Field of Language

Postscript

[Referential note October 14, 2007]

<Reversion Theory> is related with the next papers for the most part.

On Time Property Inherent in Characters Hakuba March 28, 2003

Quantum Theory for language Synopsis Tokyo January 15, 2004

Distance Theory Tokyo May 5, 2004

Prague Theory Dedicated to KARCEVSKIJ, RAUE and CHINO Tokyo October 2, 2004

Mirror Theory For the Structure of Prayer Dedicated to the Memory of CHINO Eiichi Tokyo June 5, 2004

Mirror Language Tokyo June 10, 2004

Guarantee of Language For LÉVI-STRAUSS Claude Tokyo June 12, 2004

Actual Language and Imaginary Language To LÉVI-STRAUSS Claude Tokyo September 23, 2004

[Referential note January 26, 2008]

Basic concepts of <Reversion Theory> are prepared under the reading of SAPIR Edward and influenced from the lecture on Linguistic circle of Prague and KARCEVSKIJ Sergej by CHINO Eiichi.

Refer to the next.

Warp Theory / Dedicated to SAPIR Edward / Tokyo October 24, 2004

For CHINO Eiichi

For KARCEVSKIJ Sergej　

For Prague

For SAPIR Edward

[Referential note December 7, 2008]

Distance of Word / Tokyo November 30, 2008 / sekinan.wiki.zoho.com

Reflection of Word / Tokyo December 7, 2008 / sekinan.wiki.zoho.com

Mirror Theory Group / Tokyo December 9, 2008

[References added, 16 September 2014]

Hatonosu Ravine, Tokyo

22 August 2014

Thursday, 31 July 2025

DUAN Yucai and WANG Guowei For the memory of Book shop streets at Kanda, Tokyo

From Author;
This essay is translated by Google.
So ambiguous sentences are seen.
I humbly beg your pardon.
Original text is Japanese.
Refer to the next please.
https://hillswest.blogspot.com/2024/04/duan-yucai-and-wang-guowei.html

It was a sunny Sunday, so I took the tram and went to the used bookstore district. After walking along the wide main road for ten minutes, you will enter a used bookstore district. The ginkgo trees on the street are still a little early in their leaves turning yellow. The brown brick buildings on either side blend in with the old cobblestone sidewalks. Once upon a time, I took the City Line, got off at the old D station, and headed south along the cobblestone pavement into the used bookstore district. So it's easier now. Just south of the tram stop is N Bookstore, a Chinese book store that I often go to. I find it easiest to walk as a routine, so before I knew it, I ended up stopping at the same bookstore often. N Bookstore is customary for bookstores around here, with a narrow frontage and a long back. There are two aisles and four rows of bookshelves. There is a clerk at the very back. Once before, he came across a book that he vaguely remembered and asked what it had in stock. Then, a thick catalogue was handed to me without a word, which caused me some trouble. Since then, I have not asked questions carelessly. I've looked all around the entrance, so today I'm going to go inside. It takes a while for my eyes to adjust to the dim light. A large, old, bespectacled clerk continues to work silently on the package, probably to be shipped to the library. The slips that were left there are listed with unknown book titles. A moved out of the way and decided to look at the bookshelf right in front of it. I reached for the oracle bone dictionary on the pale grey cover of a large volume that was easily visible in the middle row. It feels heavy when you pick it up. It has a unique oil smell. There may not be many true oil-sealed books like those of olden days, but Chinese books have a unique sense of him. Inside, there is a black frame with vertical ruled lines, and handwritten letters are printed on them. The lettering is not that bad. Many handwritten letters are so skilful that they are difficult to read, but this one is manageable. The preface is long, so if you look at the end, it says that it took eight years to create this dictionary. In the catalogue after the preface, there are oracle bone characters for headings. Looking at the text, there are quite a few that are written as ``the shape of the letters is quite unknown'' or ``the meaning is unknown.'' He decided to buy her because she was honest and likable. It was inconvenient to walk if it was this heavy, but I didn't want to stop by again on the way home, so I just bought it. If you go a little south on the opposite sidewalk, you'll find an old two-story coffee shop. The first floor is like an office, and going up the stairs is a store. Since I left without having lunch, I decided to take it easy. There are always very few customers. I think this is okay, but he's still here. I look down from the window and see people rushing along the sidewalk. Perhaps he is from a bookstore, as he pedals a sturdy bicycle with a large bamboo carrier attached. he asked as the tram passed by. This scenery has not changed for a long time. He has wandered here alone like a rhinoceros. He became interested in oracle bone script a long time ago. The origin of anything is fascinating. This is where writing began, and that alone was enough evidence. After that, I spent some time reading introductory books and explanations. A certain concept, the shape that represents it, and its deformed depiction change with the times. But soon I wondered what lay before the beginning. Nothing. What happens when you go to a place where there is nothing? Concepts become increasingly simple and childish, and there is nothing beyond them. Once I thought about it, I didn't feel like continuing. Then I moved, and some of the books I had collected were lost. However, recently I have become concerned about oracle bone characters again because of the fireworks prints. As I was thinking about the flow of the screen, I realized that time was inherent in the shapes, and the oracle bone characters showed this. In the print, fireworks are launched and opened one after another. This is repeated in infinitely small prints. You could say that it happened within a closed period of time. I thought that this kind of closed time might exist in the written word as well. He was once looking at Guantang jilin in the Kingdom of Wei, and he came across a sentence. It was written about the character ”``gen''``（亙）. This character has the meaning of "to cross'' or "to last forever". WANG Guowei says that in the oracle bone script, the two horizontal lines drawn up and down are the banks of the river, and between them is a small crescent-shaped boat, which goes back and forth between the two banks. SO the meaning became "to be repeated.'' When he felt that WANG Guowei had clearly demonstrated the immanence of time in kanji as a structure, he was struck by her precise reasoning, but at that time he was completely lost. Now, with the prints of fireworks, it has been brought back to light. When he returned to Guantang jilin during his wandering days, he could barely understand a part of it, but there was a feeling of hope shining like a ray of straw for him. . That has now become a reality. In the Guantang jilin, the character ``west'' indicates a bird's nest, and in the another paper, the character ``chu'' indicates that the flag is waving in the same direction in the wind. . That is, the birds return to their nests at sunset, and the flag flutters in the wind at the centre of the group. Time truly flowed through the words. In particular, the character shape for "zhong" (中), in which the flag flutters from side to side, is a phenomenon that cannot occur in the same wind, and the character form is said to have been erroneously copied and to be a ”wei” （譌）character. All of the texts in WANG Guowei are relatively short, but each piece of information in the small annotation is filled with dazzling and sharp insights that evoke a vast historical reality behind them. Even in literature, we can say in fine detail in human speech, the sounds in the air, the colons in the sky, the shadows in the water, the image in the mirror, the will is limitless because words are exhausted. It touches on the finiteness of language and the infinity of meaning. He also says that the five characters in the phrase "drifting light to moisten the light"' capture the spirit of Spring grass. He was born in 1877 and died in 1927. Did he live in the modern era with his honed talent, or did he himself create the modern era? When he returned to his room, he read through the dictionary he had picked up, and was drawn to the oracle bone character for　"yu"（育）. It is clear that the upper part of this character represents a woman giving birth, and the lower part represents a child being born. In the old form, the child is therefore written upside down. Some documents clearly show amniotic fluid at the time of birth. In other words, the original meaning of this character is childbirth itself, but care begins immediately after birth. Therefore, it was written that the meaning of "to grow"' appears. Considering the concept of time inherent in this character, we can understand him from preparation for childbirth to childbirth itself to child rearing. I was curious about this character, so I took a look at the explanatory annotations for the Duan Yucai, which WANG Guowei taught most in elementary school, and found that since an upside-down child is not good, it has the meaning of making it good. It was written that. Although the explanation retains some traces of the original material in the ``upside-down child'' part, it is abstract as a whole, and combines the original material's figures showing the specific process of childbirth with the idea that there is something inherent in it. It had become quite distant from the time when it was revealed. Duan Yucai, a rare scholar, died in 1815. The oracle bone script discovered in 1899 had never been seen before.

April 04, 2024 Reprint

LETTER TO SEBASTIAN 7 JUNE 2021 PPS ADDED ON EDWARD SAPIR 15 JUNE 2021

Letter to Sebastian

Dear Sebastian,

Thanks a lot for your likes to my blogging.

I think that my papers and essays are of very narrow fields and themes, so I feel pleasant for your likes many times.

From last year Autumn to April this year, I kept on writing Essay on a researcher of French literature who died at 37 in 1976. I learnt French from him at university.

The days are 1970s and we were all young and eager to study towards future.

But everybody was in the confusion at those days after disturbance at universities.

I am also in the same situation.

I hoped to study linguistics but never found its way adequate to me . I only learnt several languages, Chinese, Korean, Russian, French and so forth.

At last my object and its way to learn were found in the end of the 20th century.

It was really a long and winding road as the Beatles sang at those days.

All were dear for me, all were thankful to the pioneers of language and mathematics.

Yours sincerely,

T.A.
ensila2

Tokyo
7 June 2021

.........................................................................................................

One of pioneers of language is CHINO Eiichi 1932-2002, who studied Czech language at Czech and became authority on Old Slavic language. I learnt Russian language and the Linguistic Circle of Prague from him.

I ever wrote several essays on his memory.

Dedicated to CHINO Eiichi

Aim/Aim again
Aim 2
CHINO Eiichi and Golden Prague
Coffee shop named California
Fortuitous Meeting What CHINO Eiichi Taught Me in the Class of Linguistics
The Days of Distance From Distance to Pseudo-Kobayashi Distance
Half farewell to Sergej Karcevskij and the Linguistic Circle of Prague
Linguistic Circle of Prague
Mirror Theory
My heimat of Learning, the Linguistic Circle of Prague
Prague in 1920s
Prague, Karcevskij and CHINO Reference added
Under the Dim Light

Tokyo
14 June 2021
ensila2

................................................................................................................

PPS

Dear Sebastian,

The relation between language and time is at first given to me from Edward Sapir’s Language 1921.

Sapir’s concept drift is still very important for me.

For more details, refer to the following paper.

Edward Sapir, Language, 1921 Revised

Edward Sapir’s Language, 1921 showed me the dynamism of language proposing the concept, drift.

Drift shows us the macro phase of natural language and I was hinted by Sapir’s this concept and proposed the micro phase of natural language. The paper ”Quantum Theory for Language” 2003 is my first total proposal paper describing the natural language’s model.

Reference

Substatiality Dedicated SAPIR Edward / 27 February 2005

Tokyo
5 September 2014
Sekinan Research Field of Language

[Additional Explanation]

17 November 2019

SRFL Paper

Edward Sapir’s LANGUAGE AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF SPEECH 1921 gave me a moment for study in 1980s while I was roaming about the darkness of not- getting any aim to study on language. I ever wrote a short paper being influenced in 2005 and after also wrote a memo on his book in 2014.Substantiality / 2005

Edward Sapir, Language, 1921 / 2014A moment came from his famous concept drift. At the near-end Chapter 7 Sapir wrote “the three major drifts“, that were the next .“The drift toward the abolition of most case distinctions“
“the correlative drift toward position as an accompanied“
“the drift toward the invariable word“
This “the three major drifts” are all apparently seen in Chinese, especially in the classical written language. At my age 20s and 30s I continuously had read Qing dynasty’s classical linguistic books and papers. WANG Guowei, ZHANG Binglin, DUAN Yucai, WANG Yinzhi were the most reliable works for me.

Read more: https://srfl-paper.webnode.com/news/edward-sapir-gave-me-a-moment-to-study-language-universals-together-with-sergej-karcevskij/

This paper is unfinished.

Read more: https://srfl-paper.webnode.com/news/edward-sapir-language-1921-revised/

Papers written on Edward Sapir are listed up at the next.

From Edward Sapir’s theme 3rd Edition

Tokyo

18 October 2019

SRFL Paper

Read more: https://srfl-paper.webnode.com/news/from-edward-sapirs-theme-3rd-edition/

Tokyo
15 June 2021
Sekinan Modern

Thursday, 10 July 2025

For WITTGENSTEIN Ludwig Revised / Position of Language 2005-2014

For WITTGENSTEIN Ludwig Revised

Position of Language

1  Quantization 1  is a cliff for consideration of language.
2 Mathematical interpretation of quantized language is now a first step to the theoretical ascent.
3 If there is not mathematics, next conjectures are impossible.
(i) Difference between word and sentence--- Commutative and noncommutative ring
(ii) Continuation from word to sentence--- Tomita’s fundamental theorem
(iii) Word’s finiteness and sentence’s infinity--- Property infinite  and  purely infinite
(iv) Cyclic  structure of word’s meaning--- Infinite cyclic group
4  Meaning minimum 2 ,  mirror language 3  and  mirror symmetry 4  are inevitable approach to the study of language especially for  language universals 5 .
5 Symplectic Language Theory, Floer Homology Language and Arithmetic Geometry Language are adopted as the model theory   for natural language in the recent.
6 Hereinafter the model theory will be entered to the new concept .  The Model s  of Language Universals   6   will be shown by the description of mathematics.

[References]
0 . WITTGENSTEIN Ludwig
Theory Dictionary Writing
Theory Dictionary Person
Aim for Frame-Quantum Theory
1 . Quantized Language
Quantization of Language /Floer Homology Language
2 . Meaning minimum
Structure of Meaning / Symplectic Language Theory
3 . Mirror language
Mirror Symmetry on Rational Curve / Symplectic Language Theory
4 . Mirror symmetry
Homology Mirror Symmetry Conjecture by KONTSEVICH / Symplectic Language Theory
5 . Language universals
Generating Function / Symplectic Language Theory
6. Models of Language Universals
Language Universal Models

Tokyo December 10, 2005
Tokyo November 27, 2008 Revised
Tokyo March 24, 2009 Revised
Tokyo June 27, 2009 Revised
Tokyo February 28, 2011 Revised
Tokyo August 3, 2012 Revised
Tokyo December 8, 2014 Reprinted

TANAKA Akio
Sekinan Research Field of Language

Wednesday, 9 July 2025

On Time Property Inherent in Characters 2003-2005

On Time Property Inherent in Characters

TANAKA Akio

Here I will try to consider on the generation and the function of characters that have been used in Chinese which is classified to isolating language in linguistic typology.

Concerning the early forms of characters, we can verify them by the ancient inscriptions on bone and tortoiseshell that were discovered at /Yinxu/ and so forth. At the first stage that is usually classified to five on the inscriptions, they already displayed the inceptive completion, from where it is very difficult to speculate the beginning shapes of characters. On vocabulary and syntax, inscriptions displayed the almost same inceptive completion. Here what is inceptive completion is meant that comprehension or speculation is practicable by the usage of modern Chinese. Therefore the generation and the function of characters are subsidiary after the inscriptions. On the situation of forming the inscriptions namely explanation to decipher inscriptions, many researches are accumulated. Here, in these researches, I proceed with consideration claiming the works of after 1990 in main.

1 Generation of characters

When we see the inscription of character /yu/ that means bringing up in English, it is impossible to doubt that this inscription shows the situation of childbirth time by woman. In this inscription the situation of childbirth is shown by three stages. First there is a figure in which woman is going to give birth to a baby crossing both arms at the front of her chest. She takes a bent-forward posture, sticks her buttocks out and bend her knees gently. Second the situation of what the waters break is shown by the signs similar to dotted lines. Third at central or under part of the waters, a new born baby is shown in the shape of baby’s head inverted. Through three factors illustrated in the inscription, character /yu/ is clearly expressed the situation of childbirth time and the immediately after the birth time.

When we see the inscription of character /yan/ that means language or speak in English, the form of the inscription is simplified or transformed considerably at the first stage of classification on inscriptions. So the explanation to decipher inscriptions is developed variously. Here I will show one interpretation including the result of Chinese archaeology in recent years. A form of character /yan/ is able to see the three parts that are upper, middle and under. According to the result of Chinese archaeology, the upper part is regarded as the tongue’s point of a bronze bell used at meeting in /Yin/ period. The central part of character /yan/ is the body of a tongue. The under part of character /yan/ is regarded to be the outside of a bell. In /Yin/ period, at the time to let the meeting begin, the bronze-like bell was ringed loudly to let the people connected to know. When the meeting was opened, the bell was inferred to put up side down on a table. That is to say, the main body of a bell is inferred to be putted up side down and the tongue of a bell is inferred to be putted upward on the form of bell’s setting. This setting of a bell is shaped regarded to become the character’s form of inscription of on bone and tortoiseshell.   According to this interpretation of the inscription, /yan/ can be said to show the situation of post-notification of a meeting in /Yin/ period.

Therefore the figuration of the reversed bell was regarded to become the inscription of character /yan/.

   When we see the inscription of character /geng/ that means to cross in English, we comprehend that the inscription shows the two parallel lines in which a bow pattern is included. WANG Guowei†0 regarded that this inscription is as same as the character /heng/ that means permanent or lasting in English. Now I follow his interpretation. He wrote in his paper that two up-and-down lines are both banks of a river and inner bow shaped figure is a ship which goes and returns between the banks†1. According to this interpretation, /geng/ or /heng/ shows the operations of crossing a river, that operations are permanently repeated in an identical space†1.

From the inscriptions of three characters of /yu/, /yan/ and /geng/, now we can induce or infer the following.

First, Inscriptions which are original shapes of characters, in some cases, have a proceeding time in characters themselves. That is to say, as for character /yu/, that means the time of childbirth, from beginning to end. As for character /yan/, that means the time of meeting, from announcement to being open. As for character /heng/, that means the proceeding time of crossing the river by ferry.

Second, on the inscriptions, several aspects of the various phenomena which occur on the proceeding time in characters are sometimes shown by the images or implications. As for character /yu/, remarkable aspects’ figures are bending mother’s body, amniotic fluid and new born baby†2. As for character /yan/, the one remarkable is the bell which is set in the upside down condition, which means the announcement of meeting which was already opened a few minutes ago. The other remarkable is the same bell which is set on the table in the upside down condition, which means the meeting is now going†3. As for character /heng/, remarkable aspects are both banks and a ferry boat.

Third, on the inscriptions, several aspects, which are shown by the remarkable figures, transmit the messages. As for character /yu/, babybirth from mother’s body, the situation of birth time and new baby appeared in this world are transmitted simultaneously by the one character /yu/. As for character /yan/, transmitting is announcement of meeting, opening of meeting and contents of being discussed by the meeting. As for character /heng/, work of crossing the river, reach the opposite bank of the river and repetitions of these works, namely, constancy are transmitted for the information.

Therefore from the induction or inference on the generation of character’s meaning above mentioned, the following function of characters is led for us.

2 Function of characters

   First, the time-proceeding aspect being inhered in every character has the strong tendency toward the most distinctive information of the real world. As for character /yu/, while woman is giving birth to a baby, the most distinctive information is the figure of mother’s body bending, and after birth, the existence of a new baby becomes the most distinctive information†2. The various grammatical functions of one character are generated from the time proceeding and successive phenomena of distinctive aspects in the real world.

As for character /yu/, at the birth time, verbal aspect of giving birth is emphasized, but after birth nounal aspect of a new born baby oneself is emphasized. As for character /yan/, before the meeting verbal aspect of telling the opening is the most important thing, but while being opened or after the meeting the nounal aspect of speaking content of the meeting is the most valuable thing†3.

Second, when two or over two characters are connected, every character wants to emphasizes selecting one distinctive aspect inherent in oneself, and want to connect to the other character or characters. Because if two or over two aspects is transmitted, there will appear the non-clearness in the information. As for character /yu/, connection with character /sheng/ (which means grow in English), namely /sheng yu/, in this situation /yu/ means give birth to in English. Connection with /cai/ (which means a person of talent in English), namely /yu cai/, in this situation /yu/ means educate in English. That is to say, character /yu/ has two phases of meanings. One is concerned with the situation of child-birth of mother’s body. The other is concerned with the situation of a person that is already growing.

Third, every character has several aspects of inherent time inclination. When there is a connection of two characters, each character has the choosing operation from the several meanings in the character. Two or over two characters generate a new meaning complex by the operations of choosing the most precedent meaning in the each. This complex can maintain the new clearness of information on the connection of characters which have many branches of meanings in total.

For example, from above mentioned characters /yu/, /yan/ and /heng/, when two characters /heng/ and /yan/ are connected to one word /heng yan/, /heng/ chooses the meaning constant in English and /yan/ chooses the meaning utterance in English. New meaning complex is the expression by the stable person. This /heng yan/ appears in the Chinese classic Mengzi by the complex meaning.

Then, when every individual character does selectivity of aspects, what functions does work in the characters? On the other hand, when two or over two characters connect by the choosing the most precedent meaning respectively, what functions does work out of the characters?

3 Self selectivity of function on character

Now I examine the situation of what two or over two characters connect and generate the new aspect complex. For instance, I adopt above mentioned characters connection word /heng yan/.

In the first place, /yan heng/, which is a reverse disposition of /heng yan/, is examined. This characters disposition is not notified as the one word generally in the Chinese. This characters set is usually recognized as a sentence. The meaning is <The utterance is eternal.> in English. That is to say, this characters set does not generate new aspect complex and two aspects of every individual character form in a line. Why this divergence, namely generating word or sentence, occurs in the characters disposition?

Here I infer that< time property inherent in characters> is worked. Detailed inference is mentioned below.

On <time inherent in characters>, time has various longitudes, from short to long. As the case stands that two times in two characters touch in succession and the former character’ time is longer than the latter character’ time, these two characters connect tightly and generate a new aspect complex. But on the reverse situation, that is to say, the former character has shorter time than the latter character, these two characters have the difficulty to generate a new aspect complex, every individual character has a tendency to stand alone each other.

As for characters connection /heng yan/, character /heng/ has <an eternally long time> inherent, on the other hand, character /yan/ has <a temporary short time>. Like this connection of characters that the former is long time inherent and the latter is short time inherent, a new aspect complex is generated in principle.

Therefore characters /heng yan/ become one word and characters /yan heng/ become one sentence which is constituted from the two characters.

That is to say, on Chinese language that is classified to isolating language in linguistic typology, for there are no phenomena of declension, the main them of the grammatical functions is the break of words, namely characters, and the selection of parts of speech.

On the decision of grammatical functions, now I institute two conceptions for language. One is <time inherent in characters>. The other is <self selectivity of aspects on the combination of characters>.

<Time inherent in characters> is above mentioned. <Self selectivity of aspects> is also above mentioned. Say over again, when time inherent in the successive character is shorter than the former character’s, two characters are composed and become one word. But the latter is longer than the former; two characters are not composed and become one sentence.

As a result, there become two divergences. One is the generation of a new aspect complex. The other is succession of two individual aspects. The former become a word. The latter become a sentence.

This distinction leads a new view for the generation of lexis and the structure of syntax. Time inherent in characters is examined by the property of characters, especially by the inscriptions on bone and tortoiseshell in ancient China. Therefore <self selectivity of aspects on the combination of characters> is a hypothesis in the present stages.

4 Time principle on language

Generally, recognition of word or structure of meaning on word, which is estimated one of the most important themes on linguistics, is extremely difficult to examine for long time. For the examination of the theme, now I chose the inscriptions on ancient China. These inscriptions are the most effective materials for analysing the structure of meaning on language. Then, one of the most effective means is to verify <Time inherent in characters> and <Self selectivity of aspects on the combination of characters>. Now I collectively call these two factors as <Time principle on language>.

...............................................................................

Hakuba March 28, 2003
Written by Japanese
Original Edition

Tokyo January 3, 2005
Translated into English
Standard Edition

Sekinan Research Field of Language
www.sekinan.org

...........................................................................

[Postscript June 23, 2008]
†0<WANG Guowei>
Sekinan Research Field of Language / 5 WANG Guowei / Tokyo November 8, 2004
For WANG Guowei

†1<Period>
Stochastic Meaning Theory / June 22, 2008

†2<Multi-time>
Clifford Algebra / Note 5 / TOMONAGA’s Super Multi-Time Theory / Tokyo January 25, 2008
†3<Time flow>
Time Theory / Tokyo December 25, 2004
Language and spacetime / Time Flow in Word / Tokyo May 3, 2007
<More details on the theme>
Invitation by Theme-Time / Tokyo January 6, 2008

[Postscript July 11. 2008]
Solid Trace Theory / Solid Trace / Tokyo April 19, 2006
For Authentication of Solidity / Tokyo November 6, 2005
[Postscript December 23, 2008]
Energy Distance Theory / Conjecture 2 / Geometry of Word / Tokyo November 23, 2008
Complex Manifold Deformation Theory / Conjecture 5 / Time of Word / sekinan.wiki.zoho.com

Afar Hakuba Range
Nagano, Japan

28 August 2003